New Crimes and Modern Policing.pptx

EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

New Crimes and Modern Policing

c1900-present

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Learning Objectives

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

1

Describe new crimes of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including car crime, cyber crime and terrorism.

2

Explain how new technology created new opportunities for crime.

3

Explain how policing changed to deal with new crimes.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Setting the Scene

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

Many crimes of recent times are old crimes in new forms. Theft is now carried out online; smuggling now involves drugs and people. But some crimes are entirely new, because the technology that makes them possible did not exist before.

1903

The Motor Car Act introduces speed limits and car registration.

1934

The driving test becomes compulsory.

1971

The Misuse of Drugs Act sets out classes of illegal drugs.

1990

The Computer Misuse Act makes hacking a crime.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Setting the Scene (cont.)

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

2000

The Terrorism Act gives police new powers.

2015

The Modern Slavery Act targets people trafficking.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

New Crimes of Recent Times

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

Old crimes in new forms, and crimes that could not exist before.

Car crime

Speeding, drink driving, dangerous driving and car theft, all made possible by the motor car.

Cyber crime

Hacking, online fraud and identity theft, made possible by computers and the internet.

Terrorism

Violence for political aims; new laws such as the Terrorism Act (2000) respond to new threats.

People trafficking

Smuggling people into the country and forcing them to work - a modern form of slavery.

Drug crime

Possession and supply of illegal drugs, controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.

Fraud

Old crime, new methods: scams by email, phone and online banking.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Old Crimes in New Forms

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

Many "new" crimes are old crimes using new technology.

Theft to cyber theft

Stealing money used to mean taking cash or goods; now it can mean stealing bank details online.

Smuggling

Once mainly goods such as alcohol and tobacco; now drugs, weapons and people.

Fraud

Swindling people has always existed, but the internet lets criminals reach millions of victims at once.

Why

Technology creates new opportunities for crime faster than the law can respond.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

How Policing Changed

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

The police adapted by using new technology themselves.

Development

When

How it helped

Fingerprinting

1901

Scotland Yard's Fingerprint Bureau could identify criminals from marks left at a crime scene

999 emergency calls

1937

The public could contact the police quickly

Police cars and radios

From the 1920s-30s

Officers could respond quickly and stay in contact

Neighbourhood Watch

1982

Communities helped police watch for crime

DNA profiling

From the late 1980s

Identified criminals from tiny traces of blood, hair or skin

CCTV

1990s onwards

Cameras recorded crimes and suspects in public places

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Specialist Policing

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

Modern policing is more specialised than ever.

Specialist units

Units such as fraud squads, cyber crime units and counter-terrorism command deal with particular crimes.

DNA database

The National DNA Database was set up in 1995 to store profiles of suspects.

Community policing

Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs), introduced in 2002, work with local communities.

International cooperation

Organisations such as Interpol help police work across borders on crimes like trafficking.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Key Terms

Chapter 4: Crime, punishment and law enforcement in recent times, c1900-present

Lesson 2 of 4

Cyber crime

Crime committed using computers or the internet.

Terrorism

The use of violence or threats for political aims.

People trafficking

Moving people illegally, often forcing them to work.

DNA profiling

Identifying people from their genetic code.

CCTV

Closed-circuit television cameras used to monitor public places.

Neighbourhood Watch

A scheme in which local people help police watch for crime.

PCSO

Police Community Support Officer, introduced in 2002.

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EDEXCEL GCSE HISTORY · PAPER 1 · CRIME & PUNISHMENT

Summary & Exam Focus

New technology created new crimes, such as car crime and cyber crime.

Many new crimes are old crimes in new forms, like online fraud.

Police adapted with fingerprints, 999, radios, DNA and CCTV.

Modern policing relies on specialist units and community help.

EXAM FOCUS

Explain why there have been changes in law enforcement in the period c1900-present. (12 marks)

Link each change in policing to the problem or technology that caused it.

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