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Flashcards · Biology · DNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis (Higher tier)

16 cards

  1. What is transcription?

    Making an mRNA copy of a gene.

  2. What is translation?

    Using the code in mRNA to build a polypeptide at a ribosome.

  3. Where does transcription take place?

    In the nucleus.

  4. Where does translation take place?

    At a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

  5. What is the job of RNA polymerase?

    To make a complementary mRNA strand from the coding DNA.

  6. Where does RNA polymerase bind?

    To non-coding DNA in front of the gene.

  7. What is mRNA?

    A single strand copy of a gene that carries the code to a ribosome.

  8. What is a codon?

    Three bases on mRNA that code for one amino acid.

  9. What is the job of tRNA?

    To carry an amino acid to the ribosome, matching the codon with its anticodon.

  10. Which base replaces thymine in RNA?

    Uracil.

  11. What would the mRNA be for the DNA coding sequence T A C?

    A U G.

  12. How does RNA differ from DNA in its strands?

    RNA is a single strand, DNA is two strands.

  13. What happens to the polypeptide once it is complete?

    It is released and folds into a protein.

  14. Why is mRNA needed?

    DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but the ribosomes are in the cytoplasm.

  15. Why do different cells make different proteins, if they have the same genes?

    Different genes are transcribed in different cells.

  16. What is a common mistake about transcription and translation?

    Mixing them up. Transcription makes mRNA, and translation makes the protein.