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Flashcards · Biology · Selective Breeding and Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering

16 cards

  1. What is genetic engineering?

    Modifying the genome of an organism by adding a gene from another organism.

  2. What is a GM organism?

    An organism with genes that have been changed by genetic engineering.

  3. Why can a human gene work in a bacterium?

    All organisms use the same genetic code.

  4. What do bacteria with the human insulin gene make?

    Human insulin.

  5. When was GM insulin first approved?

    1982.

  6. What was insulin made from before?

    The pancreas of pigs and cattle.

  7. What is a vector?

    A carrier, such as a plasmid, used to put a gene into a cell.

  8. What is a plasmid?

    A small ring of DNA in a bacterium.

  9. Give one use of genetic engineering in agriculture.

    Insect-resistant crops, herbicide-resistant crops or golden rice.

  10. What is golden rice?

    A GM rice that makes beta-carotene, which can be turned into vitamin A.

  11. What is gene therapy?

    Putting a healthy gene into a patient's cells.

  12. Give a difference between genetic engineering and selective breeding.

    Genetic engineering can add genes from any species, in one generation.

  13. What device is used to grow GM bacteria on a large scale?

    A fermenter.

  14. What is the genetic code?

    The rules that link triplets of bases to amino acids, and which are the same in all living things.

  15. Does genetic engineering use the whole organism?

    No. It moves a gene or a few genes.

  16. Common mistake about genetic engineering?

    Saying the bacteria make a copy of the person. They only make the protein from the gene.