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Flashcards · Biology · DNA and the Genome

DNA, Genes and the Genome

16 cards

  1. Where is DNA found in an animal cell?

    In the nucleus, contained in chromosomes.

  2. What shape is a DNA molecule?

    A double helix: two strands coiled around each other.

  3. Is DNA a polymer?

    Yes. It is a long molecule made of repeating units.

  4. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

    46, in 23 pairs.

  5. What is a chromosome?

    A structure in the nucleus made from one very long molecule of DNA.

  6. What is a gene?

    A small section of DNA on a chromosome.

  7. What does a gene code for?

    A particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.

  8. What are proteins made from?

    Amino acids joined in a chain.

  9. What is the genome of an organism?

    All of its genetic material.

  10. Has the whole human genome been studied?

    Yes, it has now been studied.

  11. Name three reasons why the human genome is important.

    Finding genes linked to disease, understanding and treating inherited disorders, and tracing human migration.

  12. What was the Human Genome Project?

    An international project, 1990 to 2003, that worked out the whole human genome.

  13. Which is bigger, a gene or a chromosome?

    A chromosome. It carries many genes.

  14. Which is bigger, a gene or the genome?

    The genome, which contains all of an organism's genes.

  15. What do identical twins share that other siblings do not?

    The same genome.

  16. A diagram of a cell, its nucleus, a chromosome and a section of DNA, with no labels. Name each level of the diagram, from the cell down to the gene. The same diagram with the cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA and gene labelled.

    The cell contains a nucleus. The nucleus contains chromosomes. A chromosome is made of DNA, a double helix. A gene is a small section of the DNA.