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Flashcards · Biology · Health and Communicable Disease

How Communicable Diseases Spread

19 cards

  1. Name the four types of pathogen.

    Viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi.

  2. How do viruses reproduce?

    They infect a host cell and use it to make more viruses.

  3. How do bacteria reproduce?

    By binary fission, as asexual reproduction.

  4. What is a toxin?

    A poison made by a pathogen that damages the host's cells.

  5. Which type of pathogen causes malaria?

    A protist.

  6. What are the thin threads of a fungus called?

    Hyphae.

  7. How do fungal diseases usually spread between plants?

    By spores that are carried by the wind or by water.

  8. Name the five routes of spread in animals.

    Direct contact, air, water, ingestion of food and vectors.

  9. How does flu spread?

    In droplets from coughs and sneezes, which are breathed in.

  10. Which disease spreads in contaminated drinking water?

    Cholera.

  11. What is a vector?

    An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another without being harmed.

  12. Which vector spreads malaria?

    The Anopheles mosquito.

  13. How does tobacco mosaic virus spread?

    By contact, in the sap of infected plants, on hands and tools, and sometimes by insects.

  14. Name a vector that spreads viruses in plants.

    Aphids.

  15. How did John Snow link cholera to a water pump?

    He mapped the deaths, and most of them were around one pump.

  16. How many bacteria will there be after 4 divisions from one cell?

    16, because \(2^4 = 16\).

  17. How do you estimate the number of cases in a population from a sample?

    Find the fraction infected in the sample and multiply it by the size of the population.

  18. An infected person with arrows to direct contact, air, water, food and vector. Name the five routes of spread shown, and give an example of each.

    Direct contact (HIV, athlete's foot), air (flu, TB), water (cholera), food (Salmonella) and vectors (malaria, carried by the mosquito).

  19. A virus, a bacterium, a protist and a fungus. Which type of pathogen is each of these, and what does each cause?

    Virus (flu, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus), bacterium (tuberculosis, cholera, crown gall), protist (malaria) and fungus (athlete's foot, powdery mildew).