Biology · OCR Paper 1
Respiration and Biological Molecules
How cells release energy by aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and how sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol are joined to make carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and broken down again. It includes the tests for these molecules. Matches OCR GCSE Biology A (Gateway Science) B1.3 (respiration). Every lesson is for both Combined Science and separate Biology, at Foundation and Higher.
Lessons
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1
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Every living cell is transferring energy from glucose all the time. This lesson covers respiration as a universal exothermic reaction that supplies ATP…
10 terms -
2
Monomers and Polymers
Large biological molecules are built from small ones. This lesson uses the terms monomer and polymer to explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty…
8 terms -
3
Food Tests
How do you find out what is in a food? This lesson covers the core practical on food tests: the reagents for starch, sugar, protein and lipids, what a positive…
11 terms
Key terms in this chapter
All 29, gathered from every lesson.
- ATP
- Adenosine triphosphate, the molecule made in respiration that carries energy to where the cell needs it.
- Substrate
- The substance that is used in a reaction. The substrate for respiration is glucose.
- Respiration
- The exothermic reaction in living cells that transfers energy from glucose.
- Exothermic reaction
- A reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings.
- Aerobic respiration
- Respiration that uses oxygen, and transfers a large amount of energy.
- Anaerobic respiration
- Respiration without oxygen, which transfers much less energy.
- Lactic acid
- The product of anaerobic respiration in muscles.
- Ethanol
- The alcohol made when yeast and plant cells respire anaerobically.
- Fermentation
- Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
- Mitochondria
- The parts of a cell where most of the reactions of aerobic respiration take place.
- Monomer
- A small molecule that can join with many others to make a polymer.
- Polymer
- A large molecule made of many monomers joined in a chain.
- Synthesis
- Building a larger molecule from smaller ones.
- Carbohydrate
- A molecule such as starch, glycogen or cellulose, made of sugar units.
- Protein
- A polymer made of amino acids.
- Lipid
- A molecule made of one glycerol and three fatty acids.
- Amino acid
- The monomer that is joined with others to make proteins.
- Glycogen
- The carbohydrate that animals use to store glucose.
- Reagent
- A chemical used to detect another substance because it changes colour or appearance.
- Qualitative test
- A test that shows whether a substance is present, but does not measure how much.
- Iodine solution
- The reagent that turns blue-black when starch is present.
- Benedict's reagent
- The blue reagent that turns green, yellow, orange or brick red when heated with sugar.
- Biuret reagent
- The blue reagent that turns purple when protein is present.
- Emulsion test
- The test for lipids using ethanol and water, which makes a cloudy white emulsion.
- Starch
- A carbohydrate made of many sugar molecules joined together.
- Positive result
- A result showing that the substance being tested for is present.
- Negative result
- A result showing that the substance being tested for is not present.
- Control
- A test that shows what a result looks like when nothing is present, or when it definitely is.
- Water bath
- A container of warm or hot water used to heat things gently and evenly.