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Exam questions · Biology · Communicable Diseases

Bacterial Diseases

  • 7 exam questions
  • 17 marks
  • 8 quick checks
  1. 1 State [1 mark]

    State two symptoms of salmonella food poisoning.

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    Model answer

    Any two of: fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea.

    Mark scheme

    • Two symptoms named — 1 mark
  2. 2 Describe [2 marks]

    Describe how gonorrhoea is spread and one way of controlling its spread.

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    Model answer

    Gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact. Its spread can be controlled by using a barrier method of contraception, such as a condom, or by treating infected people with antibiotics.

    Mark scheme

    • Spread by sexual contact — 1 mark
    • Condom / antibiotics — 1 mark
  3. 3 Explain [2 marks]

    In the UK, poultry are vaccinated against salmonella. Explain how this reduces cases of food poisoning in people.

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    Model answer

    Vaccinated poultry do not become infected with salmonella. So fewer eggs and meat contain the bacteria, and fewer people eat contaminated food.

    Mark scheme

    • Poultry not infected — 1 mark
    • Less contaminated food eaten — 1 mark
  4. 4 Suggest [3 marks]

    Suggest three ways in which a person can reduce the risk of getting salmonella food poisoning from chicken.

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    Model answer

    Cook the chicken thoroughly so that the bacteria are killed. Wash hands and surfaces after touching raw chicken. Keep raw chicken away from other foods, which prevents cross-contamination.

    Mark scheme

    • Cook thoroughly — 1 mark
    • Wash hands and surfaces — 1 mark
    • Keep raw and cooked food apart — 1 mark
  5. 5 Explain [3 marks]

    Gonorrhoea was once easily treated with penicillin. Explain why this is no longer true.

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    Model answer

    Some gonorrhoea bacteria have changed so that they are resistant to penicillin. The antibiotic kills the non-resistant bacteria, but the resistant ones survive and reproduce. Many resistant strains have therefore appeared.

    Mark scheme

    • Some bacteria resistant — 1 mark
    • Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce — 1 mark
    • Many resistant strains now — 1 mark
  6. 6 Compare [4 marks]

    Compare how salmonella food poisoning and gonorrhoea are spread and controlled.

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    Model answer

    Salmonella is spread in food, but gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact. Salmonella is controlled by vaccinating poultry and by good food hygiene, such as cooking food thoroughly. Gonorrhoea is controlled by using condoms and by treating infected people with antibiotics.

    Mark scheme

    • Salmonella spread in food — 1 mark
    • Gonorrhoea spread by sexual contact — 1 mark
    • Salmonella control: vaccination / hygiene — 1 mark
    • Gonorrhoea control: condoms / antibiotics — 1 mark
  7. 7 Explain [2 marks]

    Explain why a condom is described as a barrier method.

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    Model answer

    A condom physically stops body fluids passing from one person to the other. This stops the bacteria that cause gonorrhoea being passed on.

    Mark scheme

    • Stops body fluids passing between people — 1 mark
    • Stops the bacteria being passed on — 1 mark

Quick check

  1. 1

    Which disease is caused by bacteria and spread in food?

    1. AMeasles
    2. BHIV
    3. CSalmonella food poisoning
    4. DTobacco mosaic virus
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    C: Salmonella food poisoning

    Salmonella food poisoning is caused by bacteria in food.

  2. 2

    Which of these is a symptom of salmonella poisoning?

    1. AA red skin rash
    2. BA mosaic leaf
    3. CPurple spots
    4. DVomiting and diarrhoea
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    D: Vomiting and diarrhoea

    Fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea are all symptoms.

  3. 3

    How is gonorrhoea spread?

    1. ABy sexual contact
    2. BBy droplets in the air
    3. CBy mosquitoes
    4. DBy contaminated food
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    A: By sexual contact

    Gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact.

  4. 4

    What do poultry in the UK get vaccinated against?

    1. AGonorrhoea
    2. BSalmonella
    3. CMalaria
    4. DHIV
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    B: Salmonella

    Vaccinating poultry against salmonella reduces the spread to humans.

  5. 5

    Which method reduces the spread of gonorrhoea?

    1. AWashing the hands
    2. BDraining water
    3. CUsing a condom
    4. DCooking food well
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    C: Using a condom

    A condom is a barrier method that stops the bacteria passing between people.

  6. 6

    Why is gonorrhoea harder to treat than it once was?

    1. AMany strains are resistant to penicillin
    2. BIt is now caused by a virus
    3. CPenicillin has been banned
    4. DIt spreads by air
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    A: Many strains are resistant to penicillin

    Many strains of the bacterium are now resistant to penicillin.

  7. 7

    What is cross-contamination?

    1. ACooking food twice
    2. BVaccinating poultry
    3. CWashing hands
    4. DPassing bacteria from raw food to other food
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    D: Passing bacteria from raw food to other food

    It is the passing of pathogens from raw food or surfaces to other food.

  8. 8

    Which symptom is typical of gonorrhoea?

    1. AA mosaic pattern
    2. BPain when urinating
    3. CA red skin rash
    4. DRecurrent fever
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    B: Pain when urinating

    A thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urinating are typical.