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Flashcards · Biology · Monoclonal Antibodies

Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

17 cards

  1. What is a monoclonal antibody?

    An antibody made by a single clone of cells that is specific to one binding site on one antigen.

  2. Why are the antibodies identical?

    They all come from a single clone of genetically identical cells.

  3. Which animal's lymphocytes are used?

    Mice.

  4. How are the mouse lymphocytes stimulated?

    By injecting the mouse with the antigen.

  5. What are lymphocytes combined with?

    A particular kind of tumour cell.

  6. What is the new cell called?

    A hybridoma cell.

  7. What can a hybridoma cell do?

    Both divide and make the antibody.

  8. Why can't lymphocytes alone be used?

    They cannot divide for long, so they cannot make much antibody.

  9. Why are tumour cells used?

    They divide rapidly and keep dividing.

  10. What happens to single hybridoma cells?

    They are cloned to produce many identical cells.

  11. What is done with the antibody at the end?

    It is collected and purified.

  12. What is a clone?

    A group of genetically identical cells.

  13. What does specific mean for an antibody?

    It binds to only one binding site on one antigen.

  14. Give one drawback of using mouse cells.

    Mouse antibodies can be seen as foreign by the human immune system.

  15. Does a lymphocyte make many types of antibody?

    No. Each lymphocyte makes one type.

  16. The five steps of making monoclonal antibodies with a pointer marked X to the hybridoma cell. Name the cell marked X and say why it is useful.

    A hybridoma cell. It can both divide, like a tumour cell, and make the antibody, like a lymphocyte.

  17. Five numbered steps with no labels. Describe each of the five steps. The same five steps with their labels.

    1 Inject the mouse with the antigen. 2 Collect the lymphocytes. 3 Fuse them with tumour cells to make hybridoma cells. 4 Clone single hybridoma cells. 5 Collect and purify the antibody.