Flashcards · Biology · The Endocrine System
Contraception and Fertility Treatment
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What does the combined pill contain?
Oestrogen and progesterone.
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How does the combined pill prevent pregnancy?
It stops FSH release, so no egg matures.
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How does a progesterone injection or implant work?
It thickens the cervical mucus and can stop egg release.
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How does a condom prevent pregnancy?
It is a barrier that stops sperm entering the vagina.
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What does a diaphragm do?
It covers the cervix, with spermicide to kill sperm.
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What does a copper IUD do?
It kills sperm and stops an embryo implanting.
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Which method protects against sexually transmitted infections?
The condom.
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What is sterilisation?
A permanent operation to cut or tie the oviducts or the sperm ducts.
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What does the data on contraception show?
The number of pregnancies per 100 women each year for each method.
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Why is the implant more effective than the pill in real use?
Nothing has to be remembered each day.
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What is infertility?
Difficulty in conceiving a child.
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Which hormones can treat infertility? (Higher tier)
FSH and LH.
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What does IVF stand for? (Higher tier)
In vitro fertilisation.
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Describe the stages of IVF. (Higher tier)
Fertility drugs, eggs collected, fertilised in a dish, embryos grow, one or two put in the uterus.
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Give one disadvantage of IVF. (Higher tier)
Low success rate, health risks, cost or ethical issues.
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Describe what happens at each of the five stages of IVF. 
Fertility drugs make eggs mature, the eggs are collected, they are mixed with sperm in a dish, the embryos grow for a few days, and one or two embryos are put into the uterus (Higher tier).