Maths · Topic 1: Year 10

Probability

Combined events and sample spaces, mutually exclusive events, experimental probability, independent events and tree diagrams, conditional probability, and Venn diagrams with set notation.

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Key terms in this chapter

All 36, gathered from every lesson.

Outcome
One possible result of an event.
Event
One or more outcomes.
Equally likely
Each outcome has the same chance.
Sample space
The set of all possible outcomes.
Sample space diagram
A table or list showing every outcome.
Probability
A number from 0 to 1 showing how likely an event is.
Mutually exclusive
Events that cannot happen at the same time.
Probability scale
A line from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
Complement
The event "not A", with probability \(1 - P(A)\).
Exhaustive
A set of events that covers every possible outcome.
Biased
Not fair; outcomes are not equally likely.
Random
Every item has the same chance of being chosen.
Trial
One repeat of an experiment.
Frequency
How many times an outcome happens.
Relative frequency
Frequency divided by the number of trials.
Theoretical probability
The probability worked out from equally likely outcomes.
Expected number
Probability multiplied by the number of trials.
Fair
Every outcome is equally likely.
Independent
The outcome of one event does not change the other.
Tree diagram
A diagram showing the outcomes of events and their probabilities on branches.
Branch
A line on a tree diagram carrying a probability.
With replacement
Putting the item back before the next pick.
Combined event
Two or more events considered together.
Complement
The event "not A".
Conditional probability
The probability of an event given that another has happened.
Without replacement
The item is not put back, so later probabilities change.
Dependent events
Events where one affects the probability of the other.
Tree diagram
A diagram showing outcomes and probabilities on branches.
Two-way table
A table showing two categories at once.
Complement
The event "not A".
Set
A collection of items.
Element
One item in a set.
Universal set
The set of everything being considered, \(\xi\).
Union
Items in one set or the other or both, \(\cup\).
Intersection
Items in both sets, \(\cap\).
Complement
Items not in the set, \(A'\).