Biology · AQA Paper 1
Health, Disease and Cancer
What health and disease are, how different diseases interact, how lifestyle risk factors raise the chance of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer, and how cancer develops. It includes reading graphs, tables and scatter diagrams about disease and risk. Matches AQA GCSE Biology 4.2.2.5 to 4.2.2.7. Every lesson is for both Combined Science and separate Biology, at Foundation and Higher.
Lessons
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1
Health and Disease
Health is more than not being ill, and diseases rarely act alone. This lesson separates communicable from non-communicable disease, shows how different…
8 terms -
2
Risk Factors and Lifestyle
Some diseases are made more likely by the way people live. This lesson explains risk factors, the effects of diet, smoking, alcohol, exercise and obesity, and…
8 terms -
3
Cancer
Cancer starts when the controls on cell division fail. This lesson explains what a tumour is, the difference between benign and malignant tumours, how cancer…
8 terms
Key terms in this chapter
All 24, gathered from every lesson.
- Health
- The state of physical and mental well-being.
- Communicable disease
- A disease caused by a pathogen that can be passed from one organism to another.
- Non-communicable disease
- A disease that is not caused by a pathogen and cannot be passed on.
- Immune system
- The body's defence against pathogens, made up of white blood cells and the antibodies they produce.
- Allergy
- An over-reaction of the immune system to a harmless substance, such as a skin rash or asthma.
- Correlation
- A pattern showing that two variables change together.
- Scatter diagram
- A graph that plots two variables against each other to show whether they are correlated.
- Sample
- A smaller group of individuals chosen to represent a whole population.
- Risk factor
- Something linked to an increased rate of a disease.
- Lifestyle
- The way a person lives, including diet, exercise, smoking and alcohol use.
- Obesity
- Having so much body fat that health is at risk.
- Type 2 diabetes
- A disease in which the body's cells stop responding to insulin properly, so blood glucose is not controlled.
- Carcinogen
- A substance or radiation that can cause cancer.
- Ionising radiation
- Radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays that can damage DNA and cause cancer.
- Cirrhosis
- Scarring of the liver, often caused by long-term heavy drinking.
- Causal mechanism
- A proven way in which one factor produces an effect.
- Cancer
- A disease caused by changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.
- Tumour
- A lump of abnormal cells.
- Benign tumour
- A tumour that stays in one area and does not invade other parts of the body.
- Malignant tumour
- A tumour whose cells invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. It is cancer.
- Secondary tumour
- A new tumour formed by cancer cells that have spread from the first one.
- Carcinogen
- A substance or radiation that can cause cancer.
- Mutation
- A change in a cell's DNA.
- Risk factor
- Something linked to an increased rate of a disease.