Biology · AQA Paper 1
Communicable Diseases
What pathogens are, how diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists spread in animals and plants, how their spread can be reduced, and the named diseases: measles, HIV/AIDS, tobacco mosaic virus, salmonella food poisoning, gonorrhoea, rose black spot and malaria. Matches AQA GCSE Biology 4.3.1.1 to 4.3.1.5. Every lesson is for both Combined Science and separate Biology, at Foundation and Higher.
Lessons
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1
Pathogens and the Spread of Disease
Some diseases can be passed from one living thing to another. This lesson introduces the four types of pathogen, explains how they spread in animals and plants…
8 terms -
2
Viral Diseases
Viruses cause diseases in people and in plants. This lesson covers three of them: measles, HIV and tobacco mosaic virus, including their symptoms, how they…
8 terms -
3
Bacterial Diseases
Many bacteria are harmless, but some cause serious disease. This lesson covers two bacterial diseases, salmonella food poisoning and gonorrhoea, including how…
8 terms -
4
Fungal and Protist Diseases
Fungi and protists cause important diseases in plants and animals. This lesson covers rose black spot, which is a fungal disease of plants, and malaria, a…
8 terms
Key terms in this chapter
All 32, gathered from every lesson.
- Pathogen
- A microorganism that causes disease.
- Communicable disease
- A disease caused by a pathogen that can be spread from one organism to another.
- Virus
- A tiny pathogen that can only reproduce inside the cells of its host.
- Bacterium
- A single-celled prokaryote. Many bacteria cause disease. The plural is bacteria.
- Protist
- A single-celled eukaryotic organism. Some protists are pathogens.
- Fungus
- An organism, such as a mould, that grows as threads. Some fungi are pathogens.
- Toxin
- A poison produced by bacteria that damages tissues.
- Vector
- An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another.
- Measles
- A viral disease with a fever and a red skin rash, spread by droplets.
- HIV
- A virus that attacks the immune cells and can lead to AIDS.
- AIDS
- The late stage of HIV infection, when the immune system is so damaged that it cannot deal with other infections or cancers.
- Antiretroviral drug
- A drug that controls HIV infection.
- Tobacco mosaic virus
- A virus that causes a mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves of plants.
- Mosaic
- A pattern of patches of different colours on a leaf.
- Immune cell
- A white blood cell that helps defend the body against pathogens.
- Body fluid
- A liquid in the body, such as blood.
- Salmonella
- A bacterium that causes food poisoning.
- Food poisoning
- An illness caused by eating food that contains pathogens or their toxins.
- Gonorrhoea
- A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium.
- Sexually transmitted disease
- A disease that is passed on by sexual contact. It is also called an STD.
- Penicillin
- An antibiotic that kills bacteria.
- Resistant
- Not killed by an antibiotic.
- Barrier method
- A method of contraception, such as a condom, that stops body fluids passing between people.
- Cross-contamination
- The transfer of pathogens from one food or surface to another.
- Rose black spot
- A fungal disease of roses that causes purple or black spots on the leaves.
- Fungicide
- A chemical that kills fungi.
- Malaria
- A disease caused by a protist, which causes recurrent fever and can be fatal.
- Mosquito
- An insect that feeds on blood and acts as the vector for malaria.
- Vector
- An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another.
- Life cycle
- The series of stages in the life of an organism or a pathogen.
- Insecticide
- A chemical that kills insects.
- Standing water
- Water that does not flow, where mosquitoes lay their eggs.